Hepatitis A

What is hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is usually spread through contaminated food and water or close contact with an infected person. While many people recover completely, the infection can cause significant illness and may disrupt travel plans.

Where is hepatitis A found?

Hepatitis A is found worldwide but is more common in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, including:

• Africa
• Asia
• Central and South America
• The Middle East
• Eastern Europe

How is hepatitis A spread?

Hepatitis A is spread through the faecal-oral route, most commonly by consuming contaminated food or water. Common sources include:

• Contaminated drinking water
• Raw or undercooked shellfish
• Food prepared by someone with the infection
• Unwashed fruit and vegetables
• Close personal contact with an infected person

Symptoms

Symptoms usually develop 2 to 6 weeks after exposure. They may include:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Dark urine
• Pale stools
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Prevention

The risk of hepatitis A can be reduced by:

• Drinking bottled, boiled, or treated water.
• Practising good hand hygiene.
• Eating food that has been thoroughly cooked and served hot.
• Avoiding raw or undercooked shellfish.
• Washing or peeling fruit and vegetables before eating.
• Avoiding food and water from unreliable sources.

Hepatitis A vaccine

A hepatitis A vaccine is available in the UK to help protect against infection. It is recommended for travellers visiting countries where hepatitis A is common.

How is the vaccine given?

• The vaccine is given as an injection into the upper arm.
• The primary course consists of one dose, which provides protection for at least 1 year.
• The vaccine should ideally be given at least 2 weeks before travel.

Who can receive the vaccine?

The hepatitis A vaccine is suitable for adults and children aged 1 year and over. During your travel health consultation, our pharmacist will assess your destination, itinerary, and individual risk factors to determine whether the vaccine is appropriate for you.

Who should consider vaccination?

Vaccination may be appropriate for travellers who:

• Are travelling to countries where hepatitis A is common.
• Will be staying with friends or relatives abroad.
• Are backpacking or travelling to rural or remote areas.
• Will have limited access to safe food and drinking water.
• Are travelling for extended periods.

A travel health consultation can help determine whether the hepatitis A vaccine is appropriate for your trip.